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针对传统蜂窝声学超材料在低频段存在的窄带吸声与宽带设计间的固有矛盾，受蜘蛛网层级纤维网络协同耗能机制启发，提出一种层级内嵌声学超材料。通过多阶四边形嵌套拓扑与混合耦合结构设计，融合了层级缩放与相干耦合两种物理机制，在保持结构紧凑性的同时，实现了200～800 Hz频段内吸声性能的显著提升。研究结果表明：二阶结构的半吸声带宽与高效吸声带宽较基础单元分别提升近5倍，且实现量级突破；阻抗匹配与能量场分析揭示了其多频点协同与频率自适应的宽带吸声机理；参数化研究进一步明确了关键孔径尺寸对吸声特性的调控规律，验证了该复合结构在突破传统声学材料“带宽-效率-尺寸”权衡瓶颈方面的潜力。
Abstract：To address the inherent conflict between narrowband sound absorption and broadband design requirements at low frequencies in traditional honeycomb acoustic metamaterials, this paper proposes a hierarchically embedded acoustic metamaterial in light of the synergistic energy dissipation mechanism of spider web's hierarchical fibrous networks. Through multi-stage quadrilateral nested topology and hybrid coupling structural design, our approach integrates two physical mechanisms-hierarchical scaling and coherent coupling-significantly enhancing sound absorption performance within the 200-800 Hz frequency range while maintaining structural compactness. The results demonstrate that the second-order structure achieves a nearly fivefold improvement, a breakthrough in scale, in the half-absorption bandwidth and an order-of-magnitude breakthrough in the high-efficiency absorption bandwidth compared to the base unit. Impedance matching and energy field analysis reveals the underlying broadband absorption mechanism based on multi-frequency synergy and frequency-adaptive characteristics. Furthermore, parametric studies clarify the influence of key aperture dimensions on the acoustic behavior, validating the potential of the proposed composite structure in overcoming the classical "bandwidth-efficiency-size" trade-off bottleneck of traditional acoustic materials.
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基本信息:
中图分类号:TB34;TB535
引用信息:
[1]陈士斌,王鑫特,李新一,等.层级内嵌声学超材料的设计与低频宽带吸声机理研究[J].机械,2026,53(04):1-7.
基金信息:
中车公司重大项目——基于哥伦比亚项目的中运量轨道交通车辆研制及车地一体化机电系统集成技术研究（2023CCA152）
2026-04-15
2026-04-15