陆军工程大学野战工程学院;
针对金属激光三维打印过程中成形件的缺陷问题,在介绍选择性激光烧结技术(SLS)、选择性激光熔化技术(SLM)和激光熔化沉积技术(LMD)三种典型金属激光三维打印技术原理和特点的基础上,分析了成形件出现球化、孔隙和裂纹三种常见缺陷的原因,重点从粉末特性、工艺参数和后处理技术三方面叙述了抑制缺陷、改善成形件性能的对策。最后,为了进一步抑制缺陷,提出了研制新型粉末、协同运用处理技术以及研发高精度缺陷检测技术等措施。
286 | 5 | 17 |
下载次数 | 被引频次 | 阅读次数 |
[1]刘勇,任香会,常云龙,等.金属增材制造技术的研究现状[J].热加工工艺,2018,47(19):15-19.
[2]Frazier W E. Metal additive manufacturing:a review[J]. Journal of Materials Engineering&Performance,2014,23(6):1917-1928.
[3]杨博宇,陈俊宇,殷鸣,等. 3D打印技术在燃气轮叶片快速制造中的应用进展[J].机械,2017,44(3):1-6.
[4]蒲以松,王宝奇,张连贵.金属3D打印技术的研究[J].表面技术,2018,47(3):78-82.
[5]任乃飞,张福周,王辉,等.金属粉末选择性激光烧结技术研究进展[J].机械设计与制造,2010(2):201-203.
[6]Simchi A,Pohl H. Direct laser sintering of iron-graphite powder mixture[J]. Mater SciEng A,2004,383(2):191-200.
[7]Wang Y, Bergstrom J, Burman C. Characterization of an iron-based laser sintered material[J]. J Mater Process Tech,2006,172(1):77-87.
[8]Zhu H H,Lu L,Fuh J Y H. Development and characterization of direct laser sintering Cu-based metal powder[J]. J Mater Process Tech,2003,140(1-3):314-317.
[9]Zhu H H,Fuh J Y H,Lu L. Microstructural evolution in direct laser sintering of Cu-based metal powder[J]. Rapid Prototyping,2005,11(2):74-81.
[10]沈以赴,吴鹏,顾冬冬,等. Ni-CuSn混合粉末选区激光烧结试验[J].焊接学报,2005,226(2):73-76.
[11]Gu D D,Shen Y F. Balling phenomena during direct laser sintering of multi-component Cu-based metal powder[J]. Journal of Alloys and Compounds,2007(432):163-166.
[12]Verhaeghe F,Craeghs T,Heulens J,et al. A pragmatic model for selective laser melting with evaporation[J]. Acta Materialia,2009,57(20):6006-6012.
[13]Gu D D,Hagedorn Y C,Meiners W,et al. Densification behavior, microstructure evolution, and wear performance of selective laser melting processed commercially pure titanium[J]. Acta Materialia,2012,60(9):3849-3860.
[14]Gong H,Rafi K,Gu H,et al. Influence of defects on mechanical properties of Ti-6Al-4V components produced by selective laser melting and electron beam melting[J]. Materials&Design,2015(86):545-554.
[15]谢琰军,杨怀超,王学兵,等.激光参数和扫描策略对选择性激光熔化TC11合金成形性能的影响[J].粉末冶金工业,2018,28(2):18-24.
[16]王黎,魏青松,贺文婷,等.粉末特性与工艺参数对SLM成形的影响[J].华中科技大学学报(自然科学版),2012,40(6):20-23.
[17]崔然.激光熔化沉积马氏体不锈钢组织及性能研究[D].徐州:中国矿业大学,2018.
[18]杨启云,吴玉道,沙菲,等.选区激光熔化用Inconel625合金粉末的特性[J].中国粉体技术,2016,22(3):27-32.
[19]Cloots M,Uggowitzer P J,Wegener K. Investigation on the microstructure and crack formation of IN738LC samples processed by selective laser melting using Gaussian and doughnut profiles[J].Materials and Design,2016(89):770-784.
[20]Kimura T, Nakamoto T. Microstructures and mechanical properties of A356(AlSi7Mg0.3)aluminum alloy fabricated by selective laser melting[J]. Materials and Design,2016(89):1294-1301.
[21]Nesma T Aboulkhair,Nicola M. Everitt,Ian Ashcroft,et al.Reducing porosity in AlSi10Mg parts processed by selective laser melting[J]. Additive Manufacturing,2014,1(4):77-86.
[22]肖波. ZL114A铝合金粉末的选取激光熔化成形工艺研究[D].南昌:南昌航空大学,2017.
[23]王华明.高性能大型金属构件激光增材制造:若干材料基础问题[J].航空学报,2014,35(10):2690-2698.
[24]顾冬冬,沈以赴.基于选区激光熔化的金属零件快速成形现状与技术展望[J].航空制造技术,2012,404(8):32-37.
[25]李永涛.钛合金激光增材制造缺陷研究[D].大连:大连理工大学,2017.
[26]Rolink G,Vogt S,Sencekova L,et al. Laser metal deposition and selective laser melting of Fe-28at.%Al[J]. Journal of Materials Research, 2014,29(17):2036-2043.
[27]Betts J C. The direct laser deposition of AISI316 stainless steel and Cr3C2 powder[J]. Journal of Materials Processing Technology,2009,209(11):5229-5238.
[28]曹赛男.激光熔化沉积TiC/Ni基高温合金:工艺调控机制及尺度增强效应[D].南京:南京航空航天大学,2017.
[29]Zhong C L,Gasser A,Kittel J,et al. Study of process window development for high deposition-rate laser material deposition by using mixed processing parameters[J]. Journal of Laser Applications,2015,27(3):032008.
[30]李永涛.钛合金激光增材制造缺陷研究[D].大连:大连理工大学,2017.
[31]Gu D,Shen Y. Balling phenomena in direct laser sintering of stainless steel powder:metallurgical mechanisms and control methods[J]. Materials&Design,2009,30(8):2903-2910.
[32]Kruth J P,Froyen L,Van Vaerenbergh J,et al. Selective laser melting of iron-based powder[J]. Journal of Materials Processing Technology,2004,149(2):616-622.
[33]Shen Y F,Gu D D,Pan Y F. Balling process in selective laser sintering 316 stainless steel powder[J]. Key Engineering Materials,2006(315-316):357-360.
[34]Gu D D,Shen Y F. Balling phenomena during direct laser sintering of multi-component Cu-based metal powder[J]. Journal of Alloys and Compounds,2007(432):163-166.
[35]Vilaro T,Colin C,Bartout J D. As-fabricated and heat-treated microstructures of the Ti-6Al-4V alloy processed by selective laser melting[J]. Metallurgical and Materials Transactions,2011,42(10):3190-3199.
[36]Zhou X,Wang D,Liu X,et al. 3D-images of selective laser melting defects in a Co-Cr-Mo alloy by synchrotron radiation micro-CT[J]. ActaMateriala,2015(98):1-16.
[37]Gong H,Rafi K,Gu H,et al. Analysis of defect generation in Ti-6Al-4V parts made using powder bed fusion additive manufacturing process[J]. Additive Manufacturing,2014(1-4):87-98.
[38]邵玉呈,陈长军,张敏,等.关于Deloro 40镍基合金粉末激光增材制造成型件裂纹问题研究[J].应用激光,2016,36(4):397-402.
[39]耿靖贺. 12CrNi2激光金属直接成形工艺研究及残余应力分析[D].大连:大连交通大学,2018.
[40]Mutt L E, Gaytan S M,Ramirez D A,et al. Laser additive manufacturing of metallic components:materials, processes and mechanism[J]. International Materials Review,2012,57(3):133-164.
[41]Li W Y,Liao H L,Douchy G,et al. Optimal design of a cold spray nozzle by numerical analysis of particle velocity and experimental validation with 316L stainless steel powder[J].Materials&Design,2007,28(7):2129-2137.
[42]杨鑫,奚正平,刘咏,等.等离子旋转电极法制备钛铝粉末性能表征[J].稀有金属材料与工程,2010,39(12):2251.
[43]曹赛男.激光熔化沉积TiC/Ni基高温合金:工艺调控机制及尺度增强效应[D].南京:南京航空航天大学,2017.
[44]Cormier D,Harrysson O,West H. Characterization of H13 steel produced via electron beam melting[J]. Rapid Prototyping Journal,2004,10(1):35-41.
[45]彭谦,董世运,康学良,等.预热对激光熔化沉积成形12CrNi2合金钢组织与性能的影响[J].工程科学学报,2018,40(11):1342-1350.
[46]Klotzbach U,Mohanty S,Tutum C C,et al. Cellular scanning strategy for selective laser melting evolution of optimal grid-based scanning path and parametric approach to thermal homogeneity[C].The International Society for Optical Engineering California USA,2013.
[47]严慧.激光熔化沉积分区扫描成形TC4构件应力变形控制及性能研究[D].南京:南京航空航天大学,2018.
[48]姚巨坤,李超宇,崔培枝,等.再制造与制造的关系辨析[J].机械,2017,44(5):61-65.
[49]Wang Y D, Tang H B, Fang Y L, et al. Effect of heat treatment on microstructure and mechanical properties of laser melting deposited 1Cr12Ni2WMoVNb steel[J]. Materials Science and Engineering A,2010,528(1):474-479.
[50]李帅.激光选区熔化成形镍基高温合金的组织与性能演变基础研究[D].武汉:华中科技大学,2017.
[51]Lee J C,Kang U G,Oh C S,et al. Effects of Deformation Strains and Annealing Temperatures on Mechanical Properties of Martensitic Steels:7th Pacific Rim International Conference on Advanced Materials and Processing[Z]. Cairns,AUSTRALIA:2010.
[52]黄玉山,谭超林,马文有,等.热处理对选区激光熔化马氏体时效钢组织和性能的影响[J].材料热处理学报,2017,38(11):59-64.
[53]杨启云,吴玉道,沙菲.选取激光熔化成形Inconel 625合金的显微组织及力学性能[J].机械工程材料,2016,40(6):86-87.
[54]康凯.选区激光成形用18Ni-300粉末特性及成形件组织结构的研究[D].重庆:重庆大学,2014.
[55]陈鹏华,张祥林,陈志超,等.基于MAM和PAM的多喷头3D打印系统[J].机电工程,2017(9):981-985.
基本信息:
DOI:
中图分类号:TP391.73;TN249
引用信息:
[1]汤槟晖,徐婷,孙志丹等.金属激光三维打印技术的缺陷分析及其抑制对策[J].机械,2019,46(12):1-8.
基金信息: