机械

为解决传统单目标约束方法在计算航空发动机大展弦比叶片不平衡量时精度不足、忽略多维效应的问题，提出多目标协同的不平衡量计算框架。基于笛卡尔坐标系构建全域质量矩矢量分解模型，突破仅考虑径向力的局限，系统量化径向、切向、轴向三个正交方向的不平衡分量，并建立四个关键目标函数：旋转平面径向不平衡合力、叶片对间离心力最大差值、径向-切向耦合不平衡合力、轴向动不平衡力矩引发的轴承等效径向载荷。案例分析表明：(1)径向-切向耦合不平衡量显著高于纯径向不平衡量，且相位偏移，证实切向分量贡献不可忽略；(2)仅轴向质量矩分布不均即可在轴承产生显著等效径向载荷；(3)叶片对间最大质量矩差值凸显配对平衡的必要性。该方法精确量化转子动平衡四维指标，提升高速工况计算精度，为遗传/蚁群等排序优化算法提供多目标约束依据。通过优化叶片安装序列控制不平衡量，可有效抑制轴承交变载荷与转子振动，降低疲劳损伤风险，显著增强大展弦比叶片转子系统的运行可靠性，支撑发动机动力学设计与维护实践。

Traditional single-objective constraint methods has insufficient accuracy in calculating the imbalance of high-aspect-ratio blades in aero-engines and neglects multi-dimensional imbalance effects. To address the issue, this study proposes a multi-objective collaborative framework for imbalance calculation. A full-domain mass moment vector decomposition model is established based on a Cartesian coordinate system. This model overcomes the limitation of only considering radial forces, systematically quantifying imbalance components in three orthogonal directions: radial(R), tangential(T), and axial(A). Four key objective functions are defined: resultant radial unbalance force within the rotational plane, maximum centrifugal force difference between opposing blade pairs, resultant radial-tangential coupled unbalance force, and equivalent radial loads on bearings induced by the dynamic unbalance moment resulting from axial mass distribution asymmetry. Case analysis demonstrates the following findings:(1) The radial-tangential coupled imbalance magnitude is significantly higher than the purely radial imbalance, accompanied by a phase shift, confirming the non-negligible contribution of the tangential component;(2) Dynamic imbalance generated solely by axial mass moment distribution asymmetry produces significant equivalent radial loads on the bearings;(3) The maximum mass moment difference between blade pairs highlights the necessity of pairwise balancing. This method accurately quantifies the four-dimensional indicators of rotor dynamic balancing, enhancing computational accuracy under high-speed operating conditions. It provides a clear multi-objective constraint basis for sequencing optimization algorithms such as genetic and ant colony algorithms. By optimizing the blade installation sequence to confine imbalance within safe thresholds, it effectively suppresses bearing alternating loads and rotor vibration, reduces fatigue damage risk, and significantly enhances the operational reliability of rotor systems equipped with high-aspect-ratio blades. It supports aero-engine dynamics design and maintenance practices.