机械

介绍了残余应力的产生、影响及传统消除焊接残余应力的方法和原理,并从宏观(应力应变)和微观(位错理论)两个方面阐述了利用超声波消除焊接残余应力的机理;利用盲孔法对铝合金焊接板残余应力消除前后进行了测量,其消除效果可达到38.7%,并采用金相分析的方法对焊缝组织进行了位错分析,证明经过超声处理后在焊缝组织中晶体产生位错滑移并细化了晶粒达到应力释放的目的,从而进一步证实了该方法的有效性。

Introduced the residual stress generation,impact and the elimination of welding residual stress of traditional methods and principles,the mechanism of the usage of ultrasonic wave in the elimination of residual stress in welding from a macro(strain deformation) and micro(dislocation theory) is proved out by the effective experiment of stress elimination;The use of blind hole on aluminum alloy plate welding residual stress were measured before and after the elimination,the elimination of the effect could reach 38.7 percent,and the use of metallographic analysis method of weld organizations dislocation analysis,to prove after ultrasonic treatment the welding raphe organizations crystal produced dislocation slip and grain refinement to achieve the purpose of stress is released,which further confirmed the effectiveness of the method.